単語の最後が"-nce, -nse"のとき、[-ns]と発音します。単語の最後の"-e"は発音しません。[n]は「ン」ではなく[s]は「ス」ではありませんから、何度もよく練習して下さい。

dance, chance, absence, since, once,

license, defense, suspense, expense, sense, response,

単語の"-ci-"は、[-saɪ-]、[-sɪ-]、[-sɚ-], [-ʃ-]のいずれかで発音します。 おおまかには、後続の綴りで判定できるようですが、例外もあります。

[saɪ-], cider, cipher, cite,

[-saɪ-], decide, science, society, disciple, concise, excite, criticize,

[sɪ-], ciger, cinch, cistern, city, civic,

[-sɪ-], icicle, accident, agencies, specify, pencil, decimal, medicine, sociology, discipline [-sə-], decision, scissors, solicit,

[sɚ-], circle,

[-ʃ-], special, magician, associate, ancient, suspicion, delecious, conscious,

単語の"-ss-"は、[-s-]、[-z-]、[-ʃ-]のいずれかで発音します。

"ss-"で始まる単語は見つかりません。,

[-s-], message, assert, vessel, assist, classic, associate, lesson, assum, brassy,

[-s], class, less, impress, kiss, boss, fuss,

[-z-], scissors, possess [pəˈzes],

[-ʃ-], passion, compassion, dispassionate, recession, concession, procession, confession, profession, aggression, congression, depression, repression, impression, compression, oppression, expression, session, obsession, succession, possession, mission, submission, admission, emission, commission, omission, permission, intermission, transmission, concussion, percussion, discussion,

[-ʃ-], issue, tissue,

[-ʃ-], assure, pressure,

単語の"-su-"の"s"は、[-s-], [-z-],[-ʃ-], [-ʒu-], [-ʒɚ]で発音します。

[s-], sub, success, sudden, suede, sufficient, suggest, suit, sulk, sum, sun, super, surface, suspend,

[-s-], persuade, ensue, peninsula, consult, consume, absurd, resurgence, census, versus,

[-z-], result, resurrect, resume, presume, Jesus,

[ʃ-], sugar, sure,

[-ʃ-], issue, tissue, assure, pressure, insure,

[-ʒu-], casual, visual, usual,

[-ʒɚ], measure, treasure,

単語の綴りからは[-s-]と発音するはずだが、実は[ʃ]となる例外です。

("-ce-"が [s]でなく[ʃ]となる例外), ocean [-ʃ-],

("-ci-"が [s]でなく[ʃ]となる例外), financial [-ʃ-], vicious [-ʃ-],

("-ss-"が [s]でなく[ʃ]となる例外), issue [-ʃ-], assume [-ʃ-],

単語が"sc-"で始まる場合の発音は、[s-]または[sk-]となります。

[s-], scenario, scene, scent, science, scintillating, scissors,

[sk-], scale, schedule, school, score,

単語が"sch-"で始まる場合の発音は、[s-, sk-]または[ʃ-]となります。

[s-, sk-], schism [sizm, skizm] ([s]となる例外),

[ʃ-], schlep (informal), schlock (informal), schmaltzy (informal), schmooze (informal), schmuck (informal), schnapps (informal),

単語の最初が"ps-"のとき、"p"は発音されません。

psalm, psyche, psychic, psychology,

単語に"-x-"か含まれる場合の発音は、[-ks-]または[-gz-] [-kʃ-][-ŋz-]となります。

[-ks-], excavate, except, excuse, axe, execute, exercise, Oxford, exhale, expect, lexical, approximate maximum, axiom, axis, saxophone, next, text, extend, galaxy,

[-gz-], exact, example, exhaust, exhibit, exist, exotic,

[-kʃ-], anxious [æŋkʃəs], sexual, luxury,

[-ŋz-], anxiety [æŋzáɪəti],

単語の最後が"-x"の場合の発音は、[-ks]となります。

Alex, appendix, box, Bronx, coax, complex, duplex, fax, fix, flax, flex, fox, index, matrix, max, mix, orthodox, phoenix, tax,

主語が三人称単数のときに動詞につける"s", "es" や名詞の複数形につける"s", "es"の発音は、元の単語の最後の音で決まります。 [s, ʃ, ʧ, z, ʒ, ʤ]で終わる単語は、[iz]と発音します。 [z, ʒ, ʤ]以外の有声音で終わる単語は、[z]と発音します。 [s, ʃ, ʧ]以外の無声音で終わる単語は、[s]と発音します。

[s, ʃ, ʧ, z, ʒ, ʤ]+[iz], misses, washes, teaches, rises, judges,

[z, ʒ, ʤ]以外の有声音+[z], jobs, verbs, kids, reads, gives, dogs, hills, sells, items, rooms, dozens, runs, goes, cars, ears, plays, cows, knows, ways, keys,

[s, ʃ, ʧ]以外の無声音+[s], classics, roofs, laughs, talks, jumps, cats,

(例外), does [dʌz], says[sez],

"-th"[-θ]で終わる加算名詞の複数形は、"-ths"[-ðz, (-θs)]になります。例外は"month", "myth", "fourth, fifth, sixth...(分数の分母)"です。発音が難しいので練習してください。

[-θ], [-ðz],   mouth [mauθ], mouths [mauðz],   wreath [riθ], wreaths [riðz],  

[-θ], [-ðz, θs],   bath [bæθ], baths [bæðz, bæθs],   booth [buθ], booths [buðz, buθs],   moth [mɔθ], moths [mɔ;ðz, mɔ;θs],   oath [oʊθ], oaths [oʊðz, oʊθs],   path [pæθ], paths [pæðz, pæθs],  

[-θ], [-θs, ts], month [mʌnθ], months [mʌnθs, mʌnts], (例外),

[-θ], [-θs], myth, myths, (例外),

[-θ], [-θs], fourth [-θ], three fourths (3/4) [-θs], fifth [-θ], two fifths (2/5) [-θs], sixth, five sixths (5/6) [-θs], (例外、分数の分母として複数形の序数詞を用いる場合の[-θs]),

単語の最後が"-se"のとき、発音は、[-s] または、[-z]になります。 でも、どちらになるか簡単に決まる規則はありません。 何度も発音して個別に暗記するしかありません。 以下に一覧を用意しました。

"-ase" [-s], base, case, cease, release, decrease, increase, grease, chase, purchase,

"-ase" [-s, -z], erase, vase,

"-ase" [-z], ease, please, disease, tease, phase, phrase,

"-ese" [-s], obese,

"-ese" [-z], Bhutanese, cantonese, Chinese, Japanese, Maltese, Portuguese, Vietnamese, cheese, geese, manganese,

"-ise" [-s], precise, concise, paradise, valise, promise, porpoise, tortoise, practise,

"-ise" [-s, -z], treatise,

"-ise" [-z], mayonnaise, raise, praise, criticise, exercise, exorcise, excise, franchise, apologise, realise, specialise, Elise, compromise, surmise, organise, recognise, noise, poise, despise, rise, arise, summarise, sunrise, prise, comprise, surprise, enterprise, advertise, guise, disguise, Louise, bruise, cruise, advise, devise, revise, supervise, wise, clockwise,

"-lse" [-s], false, else, pulse, impulse, convulse,

"-nse" [-s], defense, dense, expanse, expense, immense, incense, intense, license, nonsense, offense, recompense, response, sense, suspense, tense,

"-ose" [-s], verbose, dose, goose, loose, noose, purpose, morose,

"-ose" [-s, -z], diagnose,

"-ose" [-z], hose, chose, whose, lose, close, enclose, disclose, nose, choose, pose, depose, impose, compose, propose, oppose, suppose, dispose, expose, rose, arose, prose,

"-pse" [-s], lapse, collapse, eclipse, glimpse, corpse,

"-rse" [-s], rehearse, coarse, hoarse, terse, verse, averse, reverse, diverse, universe, inverse, converse, horse, worse, reimburse, curse, course, recourse, intercourse, discourse, nurse, purse,

"-rse" [-s, -z], parse, transverse,

"-use" [-s], house, louse, mouse, dormouse,

"-use" [-s, -z], blouse, spouse,

"-use" [-z], use, cause, because, clause, applause, pause, abuse, accuse, excuse, reuse, refuse, diffuse, confuse, amuse, rouse, ruse,

"-wse" [-z], browse,

"-yse" [-z], analyse, paralyse,

[θ]と[s]が違う単語例

bath [bæθ], bus [bʌs],   both [boʊθ], boss [bɔs],   fourth [fɔrθ], force [[fɔrs],   math [mæθ], masa [mæs],   mouth [maʊθ], mouse [maʊs],   path [pæθ], pass [pæs],   thank [θæŋk], sank [sæŋk],   thick [θɪk], sick [sɪk],   thin [θɪn], sin [sɪn],   think [θɪŋk], sink [sɪŋk],   thought [θɔt], sought [sɔt],   thumb [θʌm], some [sm, səm, sʌm],

[s]と[ʃ]が違う単語例

sake [seɪk], shake [ʃeɪk],   sea [si], see [si], she [ʃi],   seat [sit], sheet [ʃit],   seep [sip], sheep [ʃip],   sell [sel], shell [ʃel],   sip [sɪp], ship [ʃɪp],   sit [sɪt], shit [ʃɪt],   sore [sɔɚ], shore [ʃɔɚ],   lease [lis], leash [liʃ],  

単語の最後の音が[s]で、次の単語の先頭音が[ʃ]または[y]のときは、 [s]と[ʃ]または[y]が繋がって一つの[ʃ]になってしまいます。

guess you, miss you, this your bag, this shop, this should, this shows, tennis shoes, six ships, balance sheet, nice shirt, nice yellow shirt,